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DevOps promotes the collaboration between development and operations departments in an organization to deliver the final product quickly and efficiently. The demand for DevOps experts has skyrocketed in the last few years because multiple companies use this modern methodology. However, there is high competition for DevOps professionals in the job market.
If DevOps is your ultimate career goal or you have a Development or Operations background, you can pursue the role of a DevOps engineer. Aforementioned, the job listings for this profile are high, but getting shortlisted by reputed companies is a challenging task. Our experts prepared the commonly asked DevOps interview questions that will broaden your knowledge to clear the interview round.
DevOps Interview Questions for Freshers
01. What is DevOps?
DevOps is a set of methods that combine software development (Dev) with IT operations (Ops) to reduce development time and provide high-quality software continuously. It focuses on collaboration, automation, and continuous integration/delivery (CI/CD) to increase efficiency and deployment speed.
02. How do you define the Role of the DevOps Engineer?
A DevOps engineer delivers top-notch software products or applications by bridging the gap between the development and operations teams. These professionals use automation techniques and tools to streamline SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle). They must also optimize and monitor the system performance while ensuring continuous delivery and deployment.
03. How is DevOps different from the traditional methodologies?
DevOps is the modern methodology that brought revolution in the software development industry. This approach differs from traditional methods because it focuses on automation, continuous delivery and collaboration.
On the other hand, conventional methods focused on having separate departments for development and operations. DevOps is a game changer in the industry because it promotes cross-functional teams that work and communicate to streamline the whole software development process.
04. How does HTTP work?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works in the client-server model like other protocols. It lets you interact with web resources by transferring hypertext messages between servers and clients.
05. What are the three essential KPIs of DevOps?
The three essential KPIs of DevOps are mentioned below:
- Percentage of Failed Deployments
- Meantime to failure recovery
- Deployment Frequency
06. What is Configuration Management?
Configuration management (CM) systematically processes changes so that the system does not lose its integrity over time. This includes rules, approaches, procedures, and tools for analyzing, managing, and tracking change proposals and preserving necessary documentation. It contributes administrative and technical guidance to the design and development of the program.
07. Name some important tools of DevOps.
DevOps engineers often use multiple DevOps tools:
- Git
- Selenium
- Docker
- Jenkins
- Ansible
- Chef
- Puppet
Read More:
Top 10 DevOps Tools
08. What do you understand about CI(Continuous Integration)?
Continuous Integration is the software development process where developers merge the code changes into the central repository.
CI aims to detect bugs early and ensure that codework always works smoothly. Thus, by integrating the code changes, developers can quickly fix the problems, making it easy to build, test and deploy the software.
DevOps Interview Questions for 2 Years Experience
09. Describe the importance of Continuous Feedback in DevOps.
Continuous feedback is critical in DevOps because it enables teams to detect and address issues early, boosting software quality and delivery speed. By obtaining input throughout the software development process, teams may continuously evaluate application and infrastructure performance and make appropriate changes.
It also guarantees that the software fits the needs of its users, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and commercial value. Continuous feedback is essential to the DevOps culture, encouraging constant learning and growth.
10. How can you ensure that DevOps technologies and tools are secure and up-to-date?
The success of any DevOps project mainly depends on the most secure and recent version of the DevOps tools and technology. Checking the updates regularly and security patches are crucial for all the tools. DevOps professionals can do this by joining the vendor lists or following their social media handles. Installing some security testing tools like penetration testing programs and vulnerability scanners would be better to fix the security issues.
11. Why are Logging and Monitoring important in DevOps?
Monitoring and logging are necessary in the DevOps environment because they help get insights into the system’s effectiveness, functionality and security. Logging enables the analysis of actions and system events, while monitoring helps identify the issues before they get critical. Additionally, monitoring and logging are also helpful in getting information about usage patterns and user behaviour by facilitating better optimization.
12. What is the difference between a Virtual Machine and a Container?
Applications can run in a consistent environment across several computers thanks to containers, which are portable, lightweight environments that share the host system’s resources. A virtual machine (VM) is an operating system that runs independently on top of a host machine, utilizing resources such as memory and CPU.
13. How does automation help in the DevOps methodology?
Automation is crucial in the DevOps methodology because it helps streamline software development. It eliminates the time-consuming and repetitive tasks that lead to faster time-to-market. Automation also enhances the software quality by reducing the chance of human mistakes or errors. Thus, DevOps professionals always use automation tools to streamline the development process because these tools increase scalability, efficiency, and reliability.
14. What is Resilience Testing?
The software process tests the application for its behaviour under chaotic situations. It also helps to ensure that the functionality and data are recovered after encountering a failure in the program.
15. Describe the role of security in the DevOps environment.
Security is an essential component of a DevOps scenario’s entire software development lifecycle. Security guarantees that the software is designed to follow the rules and guard against potential security vulnerabilities.
DevOps teams should include specialists who are current on security standards, can identify security concerns, and implement best practices. This ensures the program is secure from the start and regularly monitored throughout the deployment and maintenance phases.
DevOps Interview Questions for 3 Years Experience
16. What is the importance of identity and access management in the DevOps environment?
Identity and access management is crucial in the DevOps environment because it ensures that only authorized people can access the resources and system. It manages the access to resources, permissions and user identities. It also ensures that users can access the resources required for their responsibilities. Also, it secures the system by preventing unauthorized access.
17. What is “Pair Programming?”
Pair programming refers to the engineering practice where two programming experts work on the same design, duplicate code and the same system. These programmers follow the rule of extreme programming, where one programmer is termed the “driver”, whereas others are termed “observers” who continuously monitor project progress to identify problems.
18. What are the benefits of Automation Testing?
Automation testing has multiple advantages, such as effective and quick testing, higher test accuracy and expanded coverage. It also saves time and money in the long run because automation testing can be repeated without human interference.
19. What is Continuous Testing?
Continuous Testing (CT) is the phase of DevOps that involves conducting automated test cases as part of an automated software delivery pipeline to receive immediate feedback on the quality and validation of business risks associated with the automated build of code developed by developers.
Using this phase will allow the team to continually test each build (as soon as the code is pushed), allowing the development teams to receive immediate feedback on their work and ensuring that these issues do not arise in the later phases of the SDLC cycle.
20. State the critical elements of the Continuous Testing Tools.
The critical elements of continuous testing are:
- Advanced Analysis
- Policy Analysis
- Test Optimization
- Risk Assessment
- Requirement Traceability
- Service Virtualization
21. How do you approach testing in the DevOps environment?
In a DevOps context, testing is part of the software development process. Automated testing technologies ensure that code changes are extensively tested before release and that developers receive constant feedback.
Testing occurs continually throughout the software development lifecycle, enabling the early discovery of problems and speedier delivery of high-quality software.
22. What is the role of collaboration in DevOps?
DevOps involves collaboration and promoting teamwork and communication across development, operations, and other teams. DevOps teams can improve the software development process by interacting and exchanging information. The DevOps culture highly values teamwork, ensuring everyone works toward the same goals.
23. What are DevOps’s core operations regarding infrastructure and development?
DevOps’s core operations are version control, application development, deployment with infrastructure, unit testing, orchestration, configuration and monitoring.
DevOps Interview Questions for 5 Years Experience
24. What is the role of Continuous Testing in the DevOps approach?
Continuous testing is an essential component of DevOps, as it involves performing tests early and frequently throughout the software development cycle. It gives continual feedback to developers, ensuring that code updates are adequately tested and faults are identified early. Continuous testing improves software quality, reduces costs and time to market, and boosts customer satisfaction.
25. Describe the role of Cloud Computing in DevOps.
Cloud computing is essential in DevOps because it provides a flexible and scalable software development and deployment infrastructure. Its provision of computing resources on demand, which are readily controllable and provisional, helps to empower DevOps teams. These teams can automate the deployment process using cloud services, collaborate effectively, and seamlessly integrate multiple DevOps methods.
It helps teams speed up software delivery, improve scalability, and minimize infrastructure costs by offering various services, such as virtual machines, containers, serverless computing, and managed databases. It dramatically improves the DevOps lifecycle by speeding up development and deployment periods.
26. What do you understand about Salesforce DevOps?
Salesforce DevOps involves applying DevOps methods to Salesforce development. It consists of continuous integration, automated testing, and deployment to ensure that Salesforce apps and customizations are delivered quickly and reliably.
27. How does DevOps contribute to business growth?
DevOps can boost customer satisfaction and business development by delivering better software faster. DevOps teams can swiftly provide features that meet customer expectations by focusing on collaboration, continuous improvement, and customer feedback. It can lead to more loyal customers and, eventually, increased corporate growth.
28. What is the role of Configuration Management in the DevOps methodology?
There are multiple advantages of configuration management:
- It helps in the administration by managing multiple servers in the architecture.
- It allows the configurations of systems in the cluster to be standardized.
- It helps to manage and assist configurations on multiple systems.
29. How does DevOps differ from the agile methodology?
DevOps and Agile are two approaches designed to improve software development processes. Agile emphasizes iterative and incremental feature delivery, whereas DevOps emphasizes fostering a collaborative culture between development and operations teams to create faster and more dependable software.
DevOps also highlights using automation, continuous integration and delivery, and continuous feedback to optimize the software development process. While Agile focuses mainly on the development phase, DevOps encompasses the entire software development lifecycle, from planning and coding to testing and deployment.
30. What are the different branching strategies used in the VCS?
Version control systems use a variety of branching strategies, such as trunk-based development, feature branching, release branching, and git-flow. Trunk-based development commits changes directly to the main branch, whereas feature branching entails developing a separate branch for each new feature.
Git flow mixes feature and release branches to produce a more structured branching strategy, whereas release branching requires the creation of a separate branch for each release. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of strategy is determined by the project and team’s specific requirements.
Scenario Based DevOps Interview Questions
31. Write the syntax for building the Docker image.
If we are required to build the docker image, we will use this command:
docker build -f <file_name> -t image_name:version
32. How can Docker containers be shared with different nodes?
Docker containers can be shared with different nodes with the Docker Swarm’s help. DevOps engineers and professionals use this tool to manage and create the cluster of swarm nodes in the Docker platform. A swarm consists of the manager and worker nodes.
33. A failure occurs during code deployment to the production environment. How would you handle this scenario?
Firstly, I would investigate and isolate the incident’s root cause by studying the deployment logs and error messages. Next, I would revert to the prior stable version to confirm that the production environment remained operational. Then, I’d work with the development team to resolve the issue, extensively test the modifications in a staging environment, and redeploy once verified.
34. You’ve noticed that the CI pipeline regularly fails owing to flaky tests. What steps would you take to resolve this situation?
I would begin by identifying flaky tests and analyzing their patterns to determine why they fail intermittently. After selecting the underlying cause, I would modify or refactor the problematic tests to ensure stability. I would also adopt more robust test procedures, such as mocking dependencies and retries, to improve the CI pipeline’s stability.
35. Your application faces an unexpected traffic rush. How would you ensure the system can handle the extra workload without experiencing downtime?
I would implement auto-scaling policies to deploy new resources to handle rising traffic automatically. Monitoring tools allow me to track system performance in real-time and make adjustments as necessary. In addition, I would ensure that caching methods and load balancers are tuned to distribute traffic and lessen the burden on individual servers uniformly.
Summing Up
We hope you enjoyed the DevOps interview questions prepared by our professional team. Reviewing these questions will provide comprehensive knowledge and boost your confidence for future interviews. As an enthusiast, try to understand the key concepts and intent behind these questions, as practising them can elevate you from a fresher to an expert in DevOps. We wish you the best of luck in your interview and hope you pave the way to success in the DevOps industry.
